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Similarly, this material world is a reflection of the spiritual world. He reasoned that if all beliefs in and about God had merely evolved from a so-called primitive early form of animism then no belief, sophisticated or not, held by anyone in the modern-day, including those within the church, could be considered truer or superior to any other. the belief in spiritual beings. There is nothing on esthetics or beauty of so-called primitive material culture Tylor had no taste for the cave paintings that so impressed Marrett as fine art. Rane Willerslev extends the argument by noting that animists reject this Cartesian dualism and that the animist self identifies with the world, "feeling at once within and apart from it so that the two glide ceaselessly in and out of each other in a sealed circuit". He conceived influential theories of cultural evolution, inspired by Charles Darwin (1809-1882), some of which include the evolution of religious belief. The branches go downward and the roots upward. Kalash people of Northern Pakistan follow an ancient animistic religion identified with an ancient form of Hinduism. [83][84][85][86] Anitos serve as intermediaries between mortals and the divine, such as Agni (Hindu) who holds the access to divine realms; for this reason they are invoked first and are the first to receive offerings, regardless of the deity the worshipper wants to pray to.[87][88]. In such, Harvey says, the animist takes an I-thou approach to relating to the world, whereby objects and animals are treated as a "thou", rather than as an "it". [102], Some animists also view plant and fungi life as persons and interact with them accordingly. [56][57], In many animistic world views, the human being is often regarded as on a roughly equal footing with other animals, plants, and natural forces. [19] Critics of the old animism have accused it of preserving "colonialist and dualistic worldviews and rhetoric."[20]. 1. Several important ideas were proposed by Tylor to explain the development of animism within the primitive peoples at the low level of culture. First he observed two phenomena of interest to the primitive cultures. [81][82] The omnipotent Bathala also presides over the spirits of ancestors called Anito.