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[89] Where this CHG-component came from is unknown; the mix of EHG and CHG may result from "an existing natural genetic gradient running from EHG far to the north to CHG/Iran in the south,"[90] or it may be explained as "the result of Iranian/CHG-related ancestry reaching the steppe zone independently and prior to a stream of AF [Anatolian Farmer] ancestry,"[90] reaching the steppes with people who migrated northwards into the steppes between 5,000 and 3,000 BCE. They brought with them a language that is the root of many of those spoken todayincluding English, Spanish, Hindi, Russian and Persian. The Kurgan hypothesis is that Proto-Indo-Europeans were the bearers of the Kurgan culture of the Black Sea and the Caucasus and west of the Urals. [1] The Maykop culture shows the earliest evidence of the beginning Bronze Age, and bronze weapons and artifacts are introduced to the Yamnaya horizon. Subsequently Indo-European split into four branches ca. [27], Early migrations at ca. Having so far sequenced the DNA of more than ten thousand long-dead individuals from all over the globe, the lab is almost halfway through a five-year project to create an atlas of human migration and diversity, allowing us to peer deep into our past. Pritsak argues that the eastern Vikings the, R.N Frye, "IRAN v. PEOPLE OF IRAN" in Encyclopedia Iranica. [1] Although PIE logically had predecessors,[19] the Indo-Hittite hypothesis is not widely accepted, and there is little to suggest that it is possible to reconstruct a Proto-Indo-Hittite stage that differs substantially from what is already reconstructed for PIE. and Harvard, the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, and the Anthropological Survey of India, where many of the Roopkund bones reside. Yet Anthony disagrees with the interpretation that this was a small and mostly peaceful affair. Archeologists have tended to explain this development as the result of cultural diffusion: people adopted innovations in pottery, metalworking, and weaponry from their geographic neighbors, along with new burial customs and religious beliefs.