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East Africans have different fat percentages compared to Europeans, Americans, and other countries. Fine-mappingThe processes of refining the location of trait-associated variants in the genomic region of interest to identify likely causal variants based on association statistics and linkage disequilibrium patterns. 2022). african genetics bodybuilding 4. as we all know, africans rule when it comes to genetics, it gets no better, either in bodybuilding or sports. Its common knowledge now that certain groups of people who respond better to certain exercises or are genetically predisposed to having a higher aptitude for sports might be related to how our fitness genes evolve through generations. 2013; Chimusa et al. 2012). This is of biomedical relevance (see below), and it also enables improved fine-mapping of causal variants in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) because casual variants are tagged by fewer other variants (Auton et al. Consequently, the Bantu expansion extensively contributed to population structure due to differential levels of admixture with and replacement of local huntergatherer groups over the past 3,500 years (Skoglund et al. 2014). 2020). Additionally, Sengupta et al. Analyses of uniparental markers as well as autosomal and X chromosomal data also showed that this gene flow from wBSPs into RHGs was male-biased (Verdu et al. The SAC population represents >49% of the estimated 7 million inhabitants in this province, with the vast majority being historically Afrikaans speakers (a unique South African language ancestrally linked to Dutch), although this is more recently changing (Patterson et al. For these reasons, studying more granular population structure in Africa, including potentially adapted genes, may increase our understanding of the genetics of complex traits (Chaichoompu et al. For a comprehensive review of Sahelian populations demographic history, including Niger-Congospeaking populations, we refer to ern et al. 2022). 2019; Micheletti et al. 2022). This is not the sort of environment that suits human muscle growth. 2021). 2022). 2017). 3. For example, a patient's comedications, age, genetic variation, and ancestry are commonly used in inferring the dosage of the anticoagulant warfarin. (Epidermal Abundance) They have a thick outer layer of skin on their overall body. (A) The stepwise spread of lactose persistence from northeastern Africa into eastern Africa and subsequently into southern Africa. However, the distribution of these African ancestries varies between different populations in the Americas, with western/central African-related ancestry being more common in the northern parts, for example, the United States, and south-eastern African-related ancestry being more common in the southern parts, for example, Brazil (Gouveia et al. 2009; Auton et al. These EAHG groups are more closely related to each other than to other African huntergatherer groups (Scheinfeldt et al. 2018; Sirugo et al. 2019; Fortes-Lima et al.